PANDAS is a term used to describe a specific subset of children who experience neuropsychiatric symptoms following a mild illness. These symptoms often manifest dramatically and seemingly overnight, including motor or vocal tics, obsessions, compulsions, mood changes, irritability, hyperactivity, and separation anxiety from loved ones.

Both PANDAs and PANs are considered neurological and psychiatric conditions, characterized by the presence of severe obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and/or tics that significantly impact daily functioning. Typically, these symptoms emerge between the ages of 3 and puberty and exhibit sudden and dramatic fluctuations.

There is a notable correlation between the onset or exacerbation of symptoms and recent infections, such as strep, COVID, or other viral illnesses. Research suggests that these infections trigger an abnormal immune response, leading to neuropsychiatric manifestations. The management of PANDAs and PANs involves antibiotic treatment for group A strep infections and medications to address the psychiatric symptoms.

The therapeutic approach may encompass antibiotics, anti-inflammatory medications like ibuprofen, naproxen, and prednisone, as well as psychotropic drugs. In rare cases, IVIG infusions may be necessary for certain patients. Proper evaluation and care, under the guidance of qualified medical professionals, are vital in effectively managing these conditions.